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Effect of Terminal High Temperature Imposed by Late Sowing on Phenological Traits of Wheat

M. Ilias Hossain
Senior Scientific Officer (Agronomy)
Regional Wheat Research Centre, BARI, Rajshahi.

M. R. I Mondal
Director General
Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur

M A Hakim
Senior Scientific Officer
Wheat Research Centre, BARI, Dinajpur

M. J. Islam
Scientist Officer
Regional Wheat Research Centre, BARI, Rajshahi

M. K. Sultan
Director (Research)
Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Phenological performance in relation to yield of wheat genotypes; BARI Gom 26, BAW 1051, BARI Gom 27 and BARI Gom 28 were evaluated under normal and heat stress environments. One irrigated timely sowing (ITS) and three irrigated late sowings (ILS) were imposed to provide terminal high temperature over the tested genotypes. The ITS was November 25 and three ILS were December 10, December 25 and January 10. In heat stress condition, the genotypes phased a significant level of high temperature stress which affected on phenological stage and yield compared to ITS. In ITS situation, days to anthesis and booting decreased in heat stress condition regardless the cultivars. The phenological characteristics under heat stressed condition led the wheat cultivars to significantly lower grain yield as compared to normal condition. In heat stress situations (Dec 10 – Jan 10), the average grain yield was reduced by 12.8, 39.8 % in BARI Gom 26, 14.4 - 29.7% in BAW 1051, 11.5 - 26.5% in BARI Gom 27 and 17.4 - 25.6 % in BARI Gom 28 in both the season. It was also observed that grain yield was found to be reduced by about 7.7 - 15.4% in BARI Gom 26, 9.4 - 15.7 % in BAW 1051, 9.4 - 12.4% in BARI Gom 27 and 9.7 - 12.0% in BARI Gom 28 from ITS for each 1°C rise in average mean air temperature during booting to maturity. On the other hand, reduction percent were less for the new varieties. Grain yield reduction was about 1.4 - 2.65% in BARI Gom 28, 0.1-6.7 % in BARI Gom 27 and 1.7-6.0% in BAW 1051.

Keywords: Sowing dates, Wheat genotypes, Temperature, Phenological traits & Yield

Location: Regional Wheat Research Centre, Rajshahi, Bangladesh Agricultural Research institute

Start Date: 00-00-2012

End Date: 00-00-2014

Program Area: Farming System

Commodity: Wheat

Objectives:

To find out heat tolerant suitable variety (s) of wheat with its suitable sowing times in adverse climate condition with higher yield.

Methodology:

The experiment was carried out in the rabi season of 2012-13 and 2013-14 in research field of Regional Wheat Research Centre, Rajshahi of Bangladesh Agricultural Research institute. The soil of the experimental field of Rajshahi belongs to AEZ # 11 characterized by flood free highland, fine in texture (Sandy loam and Silty loam) and poor in organic matter content. The experiment was laid out in split-plot design with 3 replications. Three wheat varieties and one advanced genotypes (V₁: BARI Gom 26, V₂: BAW 1051, V₃: BARI Gom 27 and V₄: BARI Gom 28) and BARI Gom 26 was used as test crop. One irrigated timely sowing (ITS) and three irrigated late sowings (ILS) were imposed to provide terminal high temperature over the tested genotypes. The ILS was Nov 25 (D₁) three ILS of were Dec 10 (D₂), Dec 25 and Jan 10 (D₄), respectively. Sowing times were accommodated in main-plot and the test genotypes were assigned to sub-plot. The unit plot size was 4 m x 5 m. Temperature (°C) imposed (10-day's average of minimum, maximum and its mean) during sowing to physiological maturity of wheat genotypes sowing in different times (D) at is presented in Appendix-1 and average temperature imposed on growth stages of wheat genotypes (V) by sowing times (D) is presented in Appendix 2. After well preparation of land, seeds @ 120 kg ha^-1 of each variety / lines were sown continuously in lines 20 cm apart. Each of the plots was fertilized @ 120-27-50-20-1-5000 kg ha^-1 N-P-K-S-B-CD. Cowdung was applied during land preparation. The source of N, P, K, S and B were urea, TSP, MOP, gypsum and boric acid, respectively. All of TSP, MOP, gypsum and boric acid; and two-third of urea were used as basal during final land preparation. Rest urea was applied as top-dress at CRI stage followed by irrigation. Three irrigations were provided (one at CRI stage, one early booting stage and one at initiation in grain filling). The plot was kept weed free up to 30 days. No plant protection measures taken to control insects and diseases. Each of genotypes was harvested after its maturity. Data on days to booting, heading, anthesis, physiological maturity, yield and yield contributing characters were recorded and the grain yield was adjusted at 12% moisture level. Recorded data were analyzed statistically and the means were tested by the LSD at 5% level.

Source of Information: Bangladesh Agron. J. 2015, 18(1): 13-25

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

From the above study, it can be concluded that terminal high temperature imposed by late sowing significantly changes the studied phenology of advanced genotypes and the yield. Generally due to high temperature stress the stages of life cycle reduce their duration or length. The performance of all genotypes is better in all respect in irrigated timely sowings as compared to irrigated late sowings conditions. The advanced variety BARI Gom 28 is the best performing one in heat stress condition as the deviation of phenological stages reduced by the lowest percentage and the yield is the highest among all the varieties. BARI Gom 27 could take place after BARI Gom 28 followed by BAW 1051.

Knowledge Management: Journal