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Prevalence of Pathogenic Bacteria Isolated from Two Selected Salad Vegetables and Antibiogram Profile of Klebsiella Spp.

Sumon Kumar Kundu
Department of Microbiology, Jessore University of Science & Technology, Jessore -7408, Bangladesh.

Md. Tanvir Islam
Department of Microbiology, Jessore University of Science & Technology, Jessore -7408, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The study was conducted to examine microbiological quality of raw salad vegetables of Jessore city of Bangladesh. Fourteen samples of two types of vegetables which are commonly used for salad ego Tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum) and Cucumber (Cucumis sativus) were collected from different local markets of Jessore City and their bacteriological attributes were investigated using routine methods. All the vegetables were highly contaminated with coliforms and fecal coliforms. Range of Total Viable Count were 11x10⁶ CFU/g to 20x10⁷ CFU/g for tomato and 12x10⁵ CFU/g to 24x10⁷ CFU/g for cucumber, Total Coliform Count were llx10⁴ CFU/g to 2 x10⁶ CFU/g for tomato and 10.2xl0³ CFU/g to 60x10⁴ CFU/g for cucumber and Total Staphyllococcal Count were llxl0⁴ CFU/g to 25x10⁶ CFU/g for tomato and 10xl0⁴ CFU/g to 50xl0⁶ CFU/g for cucumber. Total coli forms were identified as Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., Enterobacter spp., Citrobacter spp. and Shigella spp. Antibiogram was conducted with twelve different antibiotics for some randomly selected pure colonies of Klebsiella spp. Multidrug resistance was observed in 90% isolates with resistance from two to six antibiotics. Hygienic practices should be followed in handling the vegetables in local markets and vegetables might have an important role as a source of antibiotic resistant bacteria.

Keywords: Salad vegetables, Coliforms, Microbiological quality, Antibiotic resistance, Multidrug resistance, Jessore city.

Location: Jessore city.

Start Date: 00-01-2014

End Date: 00-06-2014

Program Area: Pest Management

Commodity: Cucumber, Tomato, Diseases

Objectives:

To examine microbiological quality of raw salad vegetables of Jessore city of Bangladesh.

Methodology:

A total of fourteen samples of tomato and cucumber were collected from different randomly selected local markets of Jessore city. The samples were collected during the period of January-June, 2014. All samples were collected in sterile polythene bag in an insulated box with ice to maintain a temperature ranging from 4 to 6 0C. From each sample, 20 g was aseptically weighed and ground to paste using mortar and pestle and later transferred into 100 ml conical flasks containing 80 ml sterile saline water under laminar air flow to prepare stock solution. Sterile serial dilution was made upto 10^-6 using sterile distilled water as diluents. Isolation and enumeration of bacteria were done by growing them on selective and non-selective media such as nutrient agar for total viable count (TVC), MacConkey agar for total coliform count (TCC) and Mannitol salt agar (MSA) for total staphylococcal count (TSC). For bacterial enumeration, spread plate method was used to determine the number of colony forming units (CFU/g). For presumptive identification of coliform bacteria isolates were randomly selected for major biochemical tests such as Triple Sugar Iron, Motility Indole Urease, Methyl Red, Voges-Proskaur, and Citrate Utilization test. The tests were performed using conventional methods. Isolates were then identified according to Bergey's manual of determinative bacteriology. Antimicrobial susceptibility of thirty isolates of Klebsiella spp. were performed by the disk diffusion technique using guidelines established. A total of 12 antibiotic discs comprising of amoxycillin (10µg), ceftriaxone (30 µg ), imipenem (10 µg), ciprofloxacin (5µg), streptomycin (l0µg), tetracycline (30µg), gentamicin (10µg), nalidixic acid (30 µg), chloramphenicol (30 µg), trimethoprim- sulfamethoxazole (25µg), norfloxacin (10µg), and erythromycin (15µg) were used. Within 15 min of the application of the discs, the plates were inverted and incubated at 37°C. After incubation of 16-18 hours, the plates were examined, and the diameters of the zone of inhibition were measured. The raw data were interpreted based on the available CLSI (Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute) data and zone diameter interpretive standards.

Source of Information: The Agriculturists 13(1): 09-17(2015) ISSN 2304-7321 (Online), ISSN 1729-5211 (Print)

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The high bacterial load and presence of multidrug resistant organisms in the salad vegetable samples could serve as an indicator for the necessity to promote consciousness about the possible health hazards due to poor handling of these vegetables. There is therefore, the necessary for the regulatory authorizations to ensure that the microbiological standards are established and practiced by the farmers and sellers for handling and distribution of salad vegetables.

Knowledge Management: Journal