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Effect of Fire Retardant Treatment on the Thermal Properties of Jute Fiber

Sweety Shahinur
Scientific Officer
Physics Department, Textile physics Division, Technology Wing, BJRI,Manik Mia Avenue, Dhaka-1207

Dr. Dilip Kumar Saha
Chief Scientific Officer
Atomic Energy Commission, Dhaka-1000.

Dr. Qumrul Ahsan
Proffesor
University of Teknical Malaysia. Ex: Material and Metallurgical Engineering Department, BUET, Dhaka-1000.-1207

Dr. Mahabub Hasan
Associate Proffesor
Material and Metallurgical Engineering Department, BUET, Dhaka-1000.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

To keep the world green for future generation the consciousness on natural fiber increases. However, the idea of producing long lasting composite materials made of jute and natural fiber has not been considered in the past because of their swelling and burning properties. Moreover, the major weakness of natural fiber is that they can easily burn due cellulosic materials. In contrast, the long cellulosic fiber come in contact with fire and ignition has occurred as well as shows poor mechanical properties. Due to this fire retardant treatment has been done on the jute fiber. Following the trend, jute fiber was made fire retardant by using a modified method. With the help of ammonium salt fire retardant treatment has been established. The experimental investigation of fire retardant treated jute fibers were carried out by means of FTIR, DSC and TGA. After fire retardant treatment, the jute fiber became more oxidation resistant compared to the raw jute fiber. This concludes that the thermal stability increase but the rate of pyrolysis decreased after fire retardant treatment compared to the raw jute fiber. The crystallization properties of the fire retardant treated fiber increased with the chemical concentrations.

Keywords: Thermal properties, Fire retardant, FTIR, TGA, DSC

Location: Physics Department, Textile physics Division, Technology Wing, BJRI,Manik Mia Avenue, Dhaka-1207 Material and Metallurgical Engineering Department, BUET, Dhaka-1000.

Start Date: 01-10-2008

End Date: 22-10-2012

Program Area: Knowledge Management

Commodity: Jute

Objectives:

1. To characterize the fire retardant jute fiber according to thermal properties (DSC and TGA)

2. To observe the effect of fire retardant treatment on the jute fiber.

Methodology:

The jute fibers were collected from the Bangladesh Jute Research Institute (BJRI), Faridpur Regional Station, Bangladesh. The supplied jute fiber was CVL-1 (Corchorus capsularis L.). The middle portions of the whole jute fiber were cut for fire retardant treatment. Di-ammonium hydrogen phosphate and lissapol were used for fire retardant (FR) treatment. Raw and treated fiber was characterized by FT-IR using a Digital Fourier Transform Infrared spectrophotometer, Model Nicolet-380, USA using a technique of Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR). The transmittance range of scan was 370 to 4000 cm^-1. The thermal (decomposition) behavior of 20%, 25% and 30% fire retardant treated jute fibers were investigated by means of Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Thermo Gravimetric Analysis (TGA). The DSC measurement involved DSC Q10 in nitrogen atmosphere. Control and treated jute fiber samples weighing between 5 and 10 mg were placed in an aluminum capsule sealed and punctured to allow gases to escape during heating. The heating scheme ranged between 30 to 50⁰°C and heating rate was 10°C/min. The thermographs were analyzed for any changes in the thermal behavior of jute and fire retardant (FR) treated fibers. The TGA measurements were done in TA Instrument SDT Q50 computer-controlled thermo-gravimetric analyzer. Fiber samples cut to 1 cm lengths weighing 50-70 mg were used for the analysis. The samples were heated from ambient to 50⁰°C under nitrogen purging in all experiments. A heating rate of 10°C/ minute was maintained. Computer software was used to obtain data for derivative thermo gravimetric (DTGA) analysis from the TGA experiments.

Source of Information: Bangladesh Journal of Physics, Vol-13, 53-58, 2013

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

1.	Budget: 60,000/- (Sixty Thousand Taka Only)

Total Budget (Tk.) : 60,000/- (Sixty Thousand Taka Only)

Achievement/Findings:

Fire retardant treatment of jute fibers effectively changes the surface topography of the fibers and their crystallographic structure. However care must be taken in selecting the concentration of diammonium hydrogen phosphate for fire retardant as results show that some fibers at certain chemical concentration level enhance thermal resistance as elucidated by the DSC method. The coating impurities on plant fibers may be an advantage for fiber to matrix adhesion as it may facilitate both mechanical interlocking and the bonding reaction due to the exposure of the hydroxyl groups to chemicals such as resins and dyes. TGA (both non-oxidative or oxidative), on the basis of the presented results, can serve as a standard procedure for determining the influence of fire retardant chemicals on thermal stability. The results indicate that fire retardant chemicals have an influence on the thermal stability of the FR treated jute fiber. After fire retardant treatment, the jute fiber became more oxidation resistant compared to the raw jute fiber. Thermal stability and residue of fire retardant treated fiber increased above temperature of 325°C compared to the control jute fiber. The barrier mechanism is the most widely proposed mechanism by which composite formation imparts fire retardancy to polymers.

Knowledge Management: Journal