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Differential Responses of F2-derived F5 Bulks of Five Wheat Crosses to High Temperature

N. C. D. Barma
Chief Scientific Officer
Wheat Research Centre, BARI, gazipur-1701

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Differential responses of the F2-derived F5 bulks of five wheat crosses to high temperature was studied. Four best F5 bulks from each cross along with five parents were tested at Dinajpur, Jessore and Joydebpur under optimum and late seeding during 2003-04. Significant differences were observed between optimum and late seeding for all morpho-physiological traits except days to anthesis. Genotypes showed wide range of variation for heat susceptibility indices based on both 1000-grain weight and grain yield. Among the 20 F5 bulks, 13 genotypes showed different levels of tolerance to high temperature having “S” values less than unity. Three F5 bulks derived from Kanchan x Gourab cross ( KG-1, KG-2 and KG-3) and two from Gourab x Fang 60 (GF-1 and GF-3), one each from Kanchan x Pavon 76 cross (KP-3) and Gourab x Pavon 76 (GP-3) showed high yield potential with high grain size. The heat tolerant genotypes based on “S” estimates also found to be associated with relatively cooler canopies, high Chlorophyll retention, high stomatal conductance and high membrane thermostability. Based on the “S” values, the parents, Gourab, Fang 60 and Kanchan were found moderately heat tolerant (S>0.5<1.00).

Keywords: Differential response, Heat susceptibility index, Heat tolerance, Wheat

Location: Dinajpur, Joydebpur, Jessore

Start Date: 15-11-2003

End Date: 30-04-2004

Program Area: Variety and Species

Commodity: Wheat

Objectives:

Wheat in Bangladesh is being grown in a relatively warm, humid and shorter winter compared to temperate countries. The mean temperature of the coolest month (January) ranges from 17-19^oC with December and February 1-2 degrees hotter and March 5-6 degrees hotter than February. About 80% of wheat is grown in rotation with rice of which about 60% is planted late. The present study was undertaken to assess the differential responses of some selected wheat genotypes in F5 generation under heat stressed environment on the basis of some morpho-physiological traits.

Methodology:

Twenty best performing F5 bulks, four from each of the five crosses i. e. Kanchan x Gourab (KG), Kanchan x Pavon 76 (KP), Gourab x Fang 60 (GF), Gourab x Pavon 76 (GP) and Fang 60 x Pavon 76 (FP) along with 5 parents i.e. Kanchan, Gourab, Fang 60, Kalyansona and Pavon 76 were included in this study. The progeny of the selected bulks were grown as F5 bulks. The study was conducted at 3 locations (Dinajpur, Joydebpur and Jessore) under optimum and late planting conditions during 2003-2004. The trial was laid out in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications. Unit plot size was 2.5m long 4 rows. The seeds were sown @ 120 kg per hectare. Data were collected on days to anthesis, physiological maturity, grain filling duration (GFD), grain filling rate, 1000-grain weight, Canopy Temperature Depression, Chlorophyll retention at 21 days after anthesis, Membrane thermostability, Biomass (BM), Grain yield (GY). Middle 2m long 2 rows were harvested at ground level to estimate biomass, grain yield and grainfilling rate. Canopy temperaturee depression was recorded using hand held Infra-red thermometer 3 times from heading at 7 days interval during noon period under bright sun and less wind. Mean of 3 data was used for statistical analysis. CHL 21 was measured in 8 fully expanded sunlit flag leaves in vivo by a Minolta spad meter and expressed in spad unit. Data on MTS was measured at Dinajpur site only.

Source of Information: Bangladesh J. Agril. Res 35(4):631-642.

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

1. Government

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The study suggested that genotypes with relatively shorter vegetative and maturity period along with higher biomass, grain filling duration and rate, high TGW, high chlorophyll retention during grain filling, relatively cooler canopy (i.e. high SC) and higher MTS will be more adapted under heat stress environment. These traits showed strong relationship with heat susceptibility indices and appeared to be promising to measure heat tolerance in early generations. Considering heat susceptibility indices for yield and TGW, differences in yield and TGW between optimum and late sown conditions, seven F5 bulks: KG-1, KG-2, KG-3, GF-1, GF-3, KP-3 and GP-3 were found moderately tolerant to heat stress with reasonably good yield under both situations.

Knowledge Management: Report/Proceedings