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Screening Wheat Genotypes for Yield in Variably Saline Fields

H. M. Rawson
Consultant, ACIAR Project
Wombalano, Creewah, Nimmitabel, NSW 2631, Australia.

M. Saifuzzaman
PSO
Regional Wheat Research Centre, BARI, Gazipur

N. C. D. Barma
Chief Scientific Officer
Regional Wheat Research Centre, BARI, Gazipur-1701

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The study was conducted in four saline sites in coastal Bangladesh. It changed both laterally and by depth even at a sub-meter scale. Plot grain yield was best correlated with salinity measured as an average of 0-90 cm deep soil cores extracted within a month of sowing. Yield declined linearly and sharply at approximately 14 g/m² (146 kg/ha) per dS/m. In standard screening trials lacking salinity tracking in all plots, those genotypes would have been incorrectly labelled most salt tolerant. We suggest that highly variable saline sites to be used for species and genotype screening should be mapped for salinity prior to sowing, and plots marked out to cover the range of salinity likely to produce some yield (0-20 dS/m in wheat). Selected plots should then be labelled for their relative salinity and divided into four salinity categories, high to low. Each genotype and check variety should be randomly allocated to all four salt categories at sowing. At grain harvest this design provides a four-point curve of yield versus salinity for each genotype. Assessing each genotype curve against the site curve, generated from amalgamated data of all genotypes, provides a genotype ranking of salinity tolerance and first-order tolerance benchmarking.

Keywords: Wheat genotypes, Yield , Saline fields

Location: Patuakhali, Shatkhira, Borguna, Noakhali

Start Date: 15-12-2011

End Date: 30-04-2012

Program Area: Variety and Species

Commodity: Wheat

Objectives:

To screen wheat genotypes for yield in variably saline fields

Methodology:

The four saline sites chosen for trials were Benerpota, Satkhira (latitude 22.749° longitude 89.106°) in far western Bangladesh on the High Ganges River Floodplain, prone to flooding from the local tidal river system and with a clayey alluvium soil; Hazirhat, Noakhali (22.756 and 91.124°) in eastern Bangladesh on the Young Meghna Estuarine Floodplain, a calcareous alluvium with no significant local rivers: Amtali, Barguna (22.084 and 90.228°) on the Ganges Tidal Floodplain with grey floodplain soils: and Kuakata, Patuakhali (21.833 and 90.113°) with a calcareous alluvium but at the southerly extreme of central mainland Bangladesh in the Bay of Bengal. All are between 2 and 7 metres above sea level. The trial sites Benerpota, Hazirhat, Amtali and Kuakata were chosen because they are geographically diverse and represent those regions of southern Bangladesh that have large tracts of agricultural land that remain fallow during the dry season, primarily because of salinization. At each site, 28 wheat selections (including Triticale) were grown in randomized plots, repeated in four replicate blocks.

Source of Information: World Journal of Agricultural Sciences Vol. 1 (5), pp. 172-184, June 2013

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

1. ACIAR

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Some genotypes ranked highly for yield across the three sites . In the normal course of events, and after statistical analysis, the low-ranking genotypes would be excluded from further trials in the assumption they were salt sensitive, while those with high average yield would be retained for further testing. However, normally, individual plots would not be rigorously tracked for salinity throughout the season as in this study.

Knowledge Management: Journal