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Efficacy of Plant Extracts to Control Post Harvest Anthracnose and Stem-end Rot of Mango

M. M. Hossain
Senior Scientific Officer
Regional Horticulture Research Station, Chapai Nawabganj

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

A field trial was conducted at the Regional Horticulture Research Station, Chapai Nawabganj during February to June, 2010 to test the efficacy of nine available indigenous plant extracts against post-harvest anthracnose and stem-end rot of mango fruits. The selected plant extracts were spayed to the mango trees during fruit developing stage. The effect of the plant extracts were evaluated on the ripening fruits. None of the plant extracts under investigation was able to control both the disease completely. Among them, extracts collected from ginger rhizome performed the best (85.19%) in controlling post harvest anthracnose followed by extracts of Tulsi and Dalim leaves which is statistically identical with the fungicides Pencozeb used as standard check which controlled more than 80 percent of the disease. On the other hand, extract of Tulsi leaves was the best (14.28 %) for controlling stem-end rot of mango followed by ginger (28.57 %).

Keywords: Mango, Stem-end rot, Plant extract

Location: Regional Horticulture Research Station, Chapai Nawabganj

Start Date: 00-02-2010

End Date:

Program Area: Pest Management

Commodity: Plant(s)

Objectives:

To investigate the efficacy of some plant extracts against the post-harvest disease particularly anthracnose and stem-end rot of mango fruits.

Methodology:

A field trial was conducted at the RHRS, Chapai Nawabganj to evaluate the performance of nine indigenous plant extract by pre-harvest spray against the major post-harvest diseases of mango. The following plant extract were used: Onion,Garlic,Ginger,Tulsi, Neem, Dalim, Arjun, Marigold, Biskathali. Stock solution was prepared by blending the plant parts with water (1:1 ratio) and sprayed over the plants @ 5% solution. Spray was commenced on BARI Aam-3 of 17 years old and panicle size was 10-15 cm long. In order to prevent flower damage by insect pests Ripcord @ 1 ml/litre was mixed with all the extracts at first spray. The spray was continued up to the harvest of the fruit at 15 days interval. Pencozeb 80 WP was used as a check fungicide. Plant extracts were evaluated as their ability to prevent post-harvest anthracnose and stem-end rot development which causes severe rot in mango fruits. At every spray schedule, control plants were sprayed with water. Spray was stopped at 15 days before harvest of fruits. Randomly selected 21 fruits were harvested at full maturity from each treatment. Harvested treated fruits along with the untreated control were allowed to ripe in natural condition at room temperature (27-34⁰C). The development of anthracnose and stem-end rot on the harvested fruit was recorded 5 and 8 days after harvest following a standard severity scale (0-5) developed by Bondad et al. (1980). Percent disease index (PDI) was measured from percent fruit area covered by the disease. The severity of diseases was measured by calculating the percent disease index (PDI) according to the formula of Singh (1984). The experiment was laid out in a Randomize Complete Block Design with three replications. All the collected data were analyzed using MSTAT-C program. Means were compared by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT).

Source of Information: Annual Report 2009-10, BARI

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Pre-harvest spray of plant extract had significant effect on the development of anthracnose in harvested mango fruits. All the plant extracts reduced both the incidence and severity of anthracnose at different levels compared to control but none of them was able to completely protect the disease. After five days of harvest, the lowest (4.76 %) incidence of anthracnose was recorded in mango fruits sprayed with ginger extract followed by tulsi (9.52 %), marigold (19.05 %) and Pencozeb 80 WP (19.05 %). Similar trend was observed after eight days of harvest. Other plant extracts showed little effect in controlling the disease. In case of severity and disease reduction of anthracnose, the lowest (1.90%) severity as well as the highest disease control (95.01 %) was recorded in fruits sprayed with extract of tulsi which was followed by ginger (2.85 % and 92.51%) respectively after five days of harvesting. However, after eight days of harvest, the lowest (11.42%) severity as well as the highest disease control (85.19 %) was recorded in fruits sprayed with extract of ginger which was statistically similar with tulsi (12.38 %), neem, dalim, arjun extract and pencozeb treated fruits. Rests of the extracts were less effective to control the severity of the disease. The highest incidence and severity of the disease was always noted in fruits harvested from unsprayed control plants. Plant extract showed significant effect on the development of stem-end rot of mango fruit. All the plant extracts reduced stem-end rot compared to control. However, the lowest incidence was noted in Tulsi leaf extract treated fruits followed by Ginger which were statistically similar to pencozeb. Performances of the rest plant extracts were similar with little exception. Among the nine plants extract tulsi and ginger were the best against the diseases while the others were less effective.

Knowledge Management: Report/Proceedings