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Estimation of Genetic Diversity in Onion (allium Cepa L.)

M. S. Akter
Regional Agricultural Research Station, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Jessore

A. Biswas
Regional Agricultural Research Station, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Jessore

S. S. Siddique
Regional Agricultural Research Station, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Jessore

S. Hossain
Hill Agricultural Research Station, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Khagrachori, Bangladesh

N. A. Ivy
Department of Genetics and Plant breeding, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Salna, Gazipur-1706, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The experiment was conducted at the field laboratory of the Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur during November 2008 to March 2009 to estimate the genetic diversity of exotic and local onion. Ten genotypes of onion were evaluated for 16 characters in a randomized complete block design to study the genetic divergence through multivariate analysis. Ten genotypes formed three clusters. Cluster III contained maximum number of five genotypes. Cluster I and II contained three and two genotypes, respectively. The inter cluster distance was larger than the intra cluster distances. The inter cluster distance was maximum between the cluster II and III (6.336) and minimum between the cluster I and II (3.876). The intra cluster distance in the entire three clusters was more or less low, indicating that genotypes within the same cluster were closely related. Considering clustered distance and cluster mean, the intra cluster distance revealed that the genotypes Indian big (G₁) and Patnai pink (G₅) from the cluster II and genotypes Taherpuri, Indian medium (G₁), Big single bulb (G₇), Big double bulb (G₈), Small single bulb (G₉) and Small double bulb (G₁₀) from the cluster III may be selected as parents for future breeding program.

Keywords: Cluster, principal component analysis (PCA), Non-hierarchical clustering, Principal coordinate analysis (PCO), Canonical variate analysis, Intra-cluster mean

Location: Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU), Gazipur

Start Date: 00-00-2008

End Date: 00-00-2009

Program Area: Variety and Species

Commodity: Onion

Objectives:

To estimate the genetic diversity of exotic and local genotypes of onion.

Methodology:

The research work was carried out at the experimental field of the Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU), Gazipur during rabi season of 2008-2009. The experimental site was situated in the tropical climate zone. The location of the site was at 24.00 ºN latitude and 90.25 °E longitudes with and elevation of 8.4 meter from sea level. The soil of the experimental field was sandy loam in texture having a pH around 6.5. The land was high with uniform topography and almost homogenous in respect to soil fertility. The material comprised of ten genotypes of onion (Allium cepa L.) including one standard variety Taherpuri. Genetically pure and physically healthy bulb of Indian big (G₁), Indian medium (G₂), Indian small (G₃), Taherpuri (G₄), Patnai pink (G₅), Patnai small (G₆), Big single bulb (G₇), Big double bulb (G₈), Small single bulb (G₉), Small double bulb (G₁₀) genotypes were obtained from the BSMRAU germplasm collections, Karwan bazar and Dhaka Newmarket. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The blocks were subdivided into ten plots, where the genotypes were randomly assigned. The unit plot size was 4 m x 2 m consisting of four rows of each genotype. Row to row distance was 50 ern and plant to plant distance was 20 cm. The experimental plots were prepared by deep ploughing followed by harrowing and laddering. Recommended doses of fertilizers such as cow dung, Urea, TSP and MP were applied @ 10 t, 130 kg, 200 kg, 75 kg per ha, respectively. Cowdung, TSP, half of urea and half of MP were applied at the time of final land preparation. The remaining urea and MP were applied as top dressing in two instalments. Immediately after germination, the straws used for mulching to enhance germination were removed and weeding was done as needed. Frequent irrigation was applied in plot as per requirements of the bulb. Fungicide (Rovral) was applied two times at seven days interval after bulb sowing to control Alternaria leaf blight. No insecticides were used in the experimental plot. Data were recorded on days to 100% sprouting, days to 1^st bolting, days to 50% bolting, number of leaves per plant, days to anthesis, style length, style breadth, filament length, anther length, anther breadth, number of stalks per plant, length of stalk, stalk diameter, percent of fertile pollens and umbel diameter. Onion seeds were harvested when the umbels or flowering heads turning brown, Genetic diversity was estimated using Mahalanabis generalized distance (D²) extended. Tochers method was followed to determine the group constellation, Canonical variate analysis was performed as per Rao to confirm the results of cluster D² analysis. Mean data for each character was subjected to both univariate and multivariate analysis. Univariate analysis of the individual character (analysis of variance) was done by computer using MSTAT -C software. Genetic diversity of ten genotypes was analyzed using GENST AT 5.13 software program.

Source of Information: The Agriculturists 13( I ): 26-34 (2015), ISSN 2304-7321 (Online), ISSN 1729-5211 (Print)

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Considering clustered distance and cluster mean, the intra cluster distance revealed that the genotypes Indian big (G₁) and Patnai pink (G₅) from the cluster II and genotypes Taherpuri, Indian medium (G₁), Big single bulb (G₇), Big double bulb (G₈), Small single bulb (G₉) and Small double bulb (G₁₀) from the cluster III may be selected as parents for future breeding program. The characters days to 100% sprouting, number of leaves per plant, filament length, anther length, stalk diameter and umbel diameter contributed maximum towards divergence. Hence major emphasis should be given on them for selecting parents for hybridization in onion.

Knowledge Management: Journal