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Characterization and Maintenance of Yam Germplasm

Md. Tariqul Islam
Senior Scientific Officer
Plant Genetic Resources Centre, BARI, Joydebpur, Gazipur-1701, Bangladesh

Rais Uddin Chowdhury
Senior Scientific Officer
Plant Genetic Resources Centre, BARI, Joydebpur, Gazipur-1701, Bangladesh

Rozina Afroz
Scientific Officer
Plant Genetic Resources Centre, BARI, Joydebpur, Gazipur-1701, Bangladesh

Sajia Rahman
Scientific Officer
Plant Genetic Resources Centre, BARI, Joydebpur, Gazipur-1701, Bangladesh

Dr. Md. Mamtazul Haque
Principal Scientific Officer
Plant Genetic Resources Centre, BARI, Joydebpur, Gazipur-1701, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Three experiments were conducted with 60 accessions of yam (Dioscorea spp.). Clockwise and anti clockwise twining direction were found in D. bulbifera and D. alata, respectively. Round, oval, elongate, flattened to irregular aerial tuber shape were found. Grayed-brown, brown to grayed-orange skin colour with yellow, yellow-orange to grayed-orange of aerial tuber flesh colour were observed. Oval-oblong, cylindrical, flattened, corm, rhizome to irregular shape of underground stem or tubers were observed. Low, medium to dense spiniess of roots were found on the tubers. Grayed-orange, red to black tuber skin colour along with white, yellowish-white, yellow, yellow-orange, red to purple tuber flesh colours were found. Significant variations were also observed in stem shape at base, colour of stem, wing and petiole wing, position of leaf, leaf shape and distance between leaf lobes. The accessions produced 1 to 30 under ground tubers per plant. The main tuber length ranged from 5.4 to 66.4 cm and breadth from 2.5 to 15.5 cm. The accessions produced 0.51 kg to 16.45 kg tuber yield per plant. Low to high phenotypic diversity was exhibited among the accessions. The under ground tubers of yam were harvested and replanted at an interval of two to three years from 1995.

Keywords: Dioscorea, Characterization,Phenotypic diversity,Field genebank, Bangladesh

Location: Joydebpur, Gazipur

Start Date: 10-04-1998

End Date: 30-06-2006

Program Area: Variety and Species

Commodity: Yam

Objectives:

i) To characterize and identify the promising germplasm accessions for varietal improvement programme

ii) To maintain the germplasm accessions at the field gene bank for future uses by plant breeders and researchers.

Methodology:

Three experiments were conducted with 60 accessions of yam (Dioscorea spp.). Forty-two accessions were collected from 9 districts namlely Dinajpur, Rangpur, Bogra, Jessore, Mymensingh, Dhaka, Comilla, Chittagong and Sylhet of Bangladesh on ethnobotanical survey on taro and yam during 1994-95. The remaining accessions were collected from Rajshahi, Pabna, Chittagong and Cox's Bazar. The first, second and third experiments were planted on 10 April 1998, 15 April 2002 and 27 April 2004, respectively. Plant to plant spacing of first, second and third experiment was 3m, 2m and 4m, respectively. Aerial and under ground tubers were used. Three plants were grown from each accession per plot of 3 pits. Approximately, 10 kg cowdung, 100 g urea, 150 g triple super phosphate and 120 g murate of potash were used in each pit as basal doses. Sufficient loamy soil was added in the pit. The experiment was laid out in a non replicated design. The plants were grown on bamboo trail. All intercultural operations were followed to have a good crop. The aerial and under ground tubers were collected in the month of March 2001, 2004 and 2006 from the first, second and third experiment, respectively. Different observations were recorded as per Descriptors for Yam (IPGRI, 1997). Chi-square (χ²) test was done for each qualitative character. Phenotypic diversity for qualitative traits are determined by using Shannon-Weaver Diversity Index (H'). H' ranges from 0 to 1, where 1 indicates the maximum diversity (Yu Li et al., 1996). H' is defined as: H'= ∑P_iLog₂Pi, where Pi is the proportion of the total number of accessions belonging to ith class. H' (SWDI) classified as low (H'<0.50), medium or intermediate (H'=0.50-0.75) and high (H'≥0.75) based on Jamago (2000). Range, mean, standard deviation and coefficient of variation for quantitative characters are calculated.

Source of Information: ANNUAL RESEARCH REPORT OF PLANT GENETIC RESOURCES CENTRE-2000-01,2003-2004 and 2005-2006, BARI

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

1. Government

Budget: TK. 10,000/-

Total Budget (Tk.) : TK. 10,000/-

Achievement/Findings:

Fifty nine accessions were identified as D. alata and one was D. bulbifera (BD-7838). The accession of D. bulbifera climbed the bamboo to the left (clockwise). Colour variations of stem, stem wing, petiole and petiole wing were observed. The accessions exhibited significant variations in leaf position, leaf shape, leaf lobes, aerial tuber shape and its skin colour (Expt.1). The accessions exhibited elongate to irregular aerial tuber shape with grayed-orange to grayed-brown tuber skin colour and thin to thick skin thickness. The accessions also showed yellow, yellow-orange to grayed-orange flesh colour, smooth to rough surface texture, and absent and present of bumps on aerial tubers (Expt 2). Rhizome, corm and tuber types of under ground stem were exhibited. Oval-oblong, cylindrical, flattened and irregular shape in under ground tuber were observed among the accessions. Grayed-orange to red tuber skin colour with white, yellowish-white, yellow, yellow-orange, red to purple flesh colour and low to dense spine on tuber were found among the yam accessions. All the characters exhibited highly significant variations. High phenotypic diversity was found in tuber shape and tuber flesh colour (Expt. 3). The maximum CV was found in yield of underground tuber (98.74%) and number of tubers per plant (82.81%) and minimum in leaf length (12.55%). Under ground tubers were harvested and planted at an interval of 2 to3 years. Performance on the basis of different shape, size and flesh colour of underground tubers, 13 accessions viz. BD-8892, BD-8895, BD-8899, BD-8917, BD-8918, BD-8919, BD-8926, BD-8927, BD-8935, BD-8940, BD-8941, BD-8946 and BD-8947 were identified as better than the remaining accessions. One set of these accessions were distributed to Tuber Crop Research Centre of BARI for varietal improvement programme. The yam accessions have been maintaining in the field gene bank of PGRC since 1995.

Knowledge Management: Report/Proceedings