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Constraints of Native Cattle Genetic Resource Conservation and Features of Breeding System in Representative Areas of Bangladesh

Dr. Md. Abdus Quddus
Professor
Department of Agricultural Statistics Bangladesh Agricultural University Mymensingh-2202 Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The study was undertaken to identify the constraints of native cattle genetic resource conservation at the farm level along with their features of breeding system and profitability. Five different study sites like south-west, northern hills, industrial zone, north-west and mid-region were selected representatively from all over the country. A total of 280 cattle farmers from the selected regions were interviewed. A multiple regression model was fitted to know the impact of contributing factors on lactation characteristics of cows. The double log linear model was also used to explore the input-output relationship of milk production. Average milk yield was 1.78 and 5.64 liter per day per cow respectively for native and crossbred cow. Contribution of age, order of lactation and stage of lactation were predictable in native cattle but not in crossbreds. Livestock farming contributed 36.4 percent of total income of the farmers studied. A crossbred cattle farming was profitable but native cattle farming was non-profitable. Indigenous cattle were preferred over crossbred due to their superior adaptability to local environmental stresses, rearing ease, low input, lesser proneness to disease and availability of native bull for mating. Per farm average number of milch cow was found to be reduced day by day and maximum number was 4 in a farm during the period 2006-07. Major causes of reduction were the non-profitability, crisis of feed, lack of investment, introduction of exotic breed etc. Responded farmers had no clear idea on conservation of native cattle

Keywords: Genetic resource, Conservation, Breeding system, Profitability assessment

Location: Department of Agricultural Statistics, BAU

Start Date: 01-04-2008

End Date: 31-12-2010

Program Area: Socio-economic and Policy

Commodity: Cattle

Objectives:

To identify the constraints of native cattle genetic resource conservation with particular reference to features of their breeding system and profitability assessment.

Methodology:

Five representative study sites were selected from all over the Bangladesh in order to economize time and labour. These were (i) south-west region (Jessore district) (ii) northern hill sties (Sherpur district) (iii) industrial zone having high employment opportunity (Gazipur district) (iv) resource poor area and northwest

region of the country (Bogra district) and (v) region between two extremes or mid-region of the country (Mymensingh district). These five regions were considered as the five strata of the whole sampling technique. For convenient mode of selection, one random upazila from each of the regions was selected. Three adjacent villages from each upazila were selected using random sampling technique. A total of 280 cattle farmers from the selected villages were interviewed through an interview schedule. The data collection was started from November 2006 and ended in October 2007 and the study was ended in December 2008.

To know the impact of different contributing factors of lactation characteristics on cow the following

multiple regression model was used:

Y = b0 + b1X1 + b2X2 + b3X3 + Ui ................................................... (1)

Where,

Y = Milk production (L/cow/day)

b0 = Inercept

X1 = age of milch cow (in year)

X2 = Order of lactation

X3 = Stage of lactation in a particular lactation order

b1, b2 and b3 are the regression coefficients of respective variables, and

Ui = Error term.

production. The general specification of model is shown as follows:

LnY = LnB0 + b1LnX1 + b2LnX2 + b3LnX3 + b4LnX4 + Uj .................. (2)

Where,

Y = milk output (in taka per household per day)

X1 = length of experience of cow owner in farming (year)

X2 = year of schooling of cow owner

X3 = farm size based on cultivated land (ha)

X4 = time devoted in dairy farming (hours per day)

b1 to b4 are the respective regression coefficients

Uj is the random term

Source of Information: J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 8(1): 113–120, 2010

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

1. Government

Budget: 300000

Total Budget (Tk.) : 300000

Achievement/Findings:

It appears from the study that indigenous cattle genetic resource is declining in number day by day. This has been happening mostly because of indiscriminate crossbreeding through artificial insemination programme and gradual giving up of cattle husbandry by the rural poor farmers. Although crossbreds are high producing but they demand heavy initial investment as well as high maintenance cost which is unaffordable to majority farmers. Further, insufficiency of technical know how of the resource poor farmers is another obstacle for rearing crossbred cattle apart from biological adaptability issue of exotic inheritance. Situation described above dictates that indiscriminate breed substitution (with drawl of indigenous cattle) in our cattle population has been an incredible loss to our rural traditional agriculture. If immediate and appropriate measures are not taken to conserve our indigenous bovine genetic resources, an irrecoverable damage is likely to occur in the subsistence agriculture system of Bangladesh. The speculated damage includes loss of valuable FAnGR, loss of rural employment opportunity, loss of valued livestock products from indigenous animals, a decline in agricultural power system and degradation of many other allied issues.

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