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Crop Loss Due to Weed Infestation and the Efficacy of Different Weed Control Methods in Tomato

M.S.A. Khan
SO
Agronomy Division, Gazipur

M.M. Rahman
SO
Agronomy Division, Gazipur

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The experiments were carried out during the rabi season of 2001-2002 at two farmers’ field (Barenda village) of Kashimpur union under Gazipur District. The cropping sequences of the selected fields were: Cucumber-Fallow-Tomato and Okra-T.Aman rice-Tomato. The treatments were: (i) one hand weeding at early vegetative stage (21 DAT), (ii) Two hand weeding at early vegetative (21 DAT) and flowering stage (35 DAT), (iii) Two hand weeding at early vegetative stage (21 DAT) and marvel size fruiting stage (49 DAT), (iv) Three hand weeding at 21, 35 and 49 DAT, (v) Weed tree throughout the crop season (6 times), (vi) Farmers’ practice, (vii) Straw mulch by rice straw and (viii) No weeding (control). The varieties of tomato were Ratan and Ruma VF. The fertilizer dose was 220-180-120-4 kg N, P₂O₅, K₂O and Zn/ha. The seedlings of Ratan were transplanted on November 14, 2001 with spacing 60 cm x 40 cm in field-1 and Ruma VF on December 14 with 50 cm x 40 cm spacing in field-2. The crop was harvested from January 30 to March 13 in field-1 and February 15 to April 20, 2002 in field-2. At early vegetative stage, Echinochloa crusgalli, Elusine indica and Ammaranthus viridis were the common weeds in both the fields. Enhydra fluctuans and Cyperus rotundus were also found in field-2. Among the weed species, Ammaranthus viridis showed higher relative density (67%) in field-1 and Cynodon dectylon (60%) in field-2. Highest marketable fruit yield (86.06 t/ha) and net return (Tk. 611160/ha) were obtained from three time weedings (21, 35 and 49 DAT) followed by treatment T₂ in field-1. The maximum benefit-cost ratio (8.90) was also obtermid by the same treatment. In field-2, highest marketable fruit yield (53.96 t/ha), net return (Tk. 205263 /ha) and benefit cost (4.18) were obtained from plots were weeds where controlled throughout the growing period followed by treatment T₂. The results revealed that if weeds are not removed during early vegetative and flowering stages of the plants, they competed with crop and reduced yield. Three hand weeding at 21, 35 and 49 DAT would be require to save the crop for obtaining maxim yield.Two hand weedings at 21 and 35 DAT also better for reasonable yield of tomato.

Keywords: Tomato, Weed infestation, Control methods ,Efficacy, Crop loss

Location: Kashimpur, Gazipur

Start Date: 25-11-2001

End Date: 30-04-2002

Program Area: Pest Management

Commodity: Tomato

Objectives:

1. To ascertain critical period or stage of crop weed competition and

2. To determine the number of weeding required for maximum yield of tomato.

Methodology:

The experiments were carried out during the rabi season of 2001-2002 at two farmers’ field (Barenda village) of Kashimpur union under Gazipur District. The soil of the experimental plot belongs to Chhiata series of Grey Terrace soil. The cropping sequences of the selected fields were: Cucumber-Fallow-Tomato and Okra-T.Aman rice-Tomato. The treatments were: (T₁) One hand weeding at early vegetative stage (21 DAT), (T₂) Two hand weeding at early vegetative (21 DAT) and flowering stage (35 DAT), (T₃) Two hand weeding at early vegetative stage (21 DAT) and marvel size fruiting stage (49 DAT), (T₄) Three hand weeding at 21, 35 and 49 DAT, (T₅) Weed free throughout the crop season (6 times), (T₆) Farmer's practice, (T₇) Straw mulch by rice straw and (T₈) No weeding (control). The trial was set up in a RCB design with four replications. The unit plot size was 6m x 4m. The varieties of tomato were Ratan and Ruma VF.

Source of Information: Annual Report, Agronomy Division, 2001-2002

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

1. Asian Development Bank

Budget: 10,000/-

Total Budget (Tk.) : 10,000/-

Achievement/Findings:

The results revealed that if weeds are not controlled during early vegetative and flowering stages of the plants, they competed with crop and reduced yield. Three hand weeding at 21, 35 and 49 DAT would be require to save the crop for obtaining maxim yield. Two hand weedings at 21 and 35 DAT also better for reasonable yield of tomato.

Knowledge Management: Report/Proceedings