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Yield Response and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Wheat Under Different Doses and Split Application of Nitrogen Fertilizer

Dr. Md. Ataur Rahman
Principal Scientific Officer
Regional Wheat Research Centre

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The experiment was conducted at BARI farm, Gazipur for two consecutive years to verify wheat response to different doses and split applications of N fertilizer. The treatments comprised of 12 combinations of three doses of nitrogen (80, 100 and 120 kg/ha) from urea which were assigned in the main plots, and four methods of N splitting tested in the sub plots. Higher yield was achieved from N rate of 120 kg/ha applied as three equal splits of one-third as basal during final land preparation, one-third as top dressing during CRI and the rest one-third top dressing at first node stage. The yield advantage of wheat due to N treatments was attributed to higher thousand grain weight and spikes/m2. Nitrogen content in wheat grain and straw was not affected significantly by different N treatment and their combinations, whereas plant N uptake was significantly influenced by N rate and N splitting and also due to the interaction of N rate and N splitting. Total N uptake was maximum under N rate of 120 kg/ha applied as three equal splits. Split applications of sub-optimal dose of N (80 kg/ha) resulted decrease in NUE but splitting of higher doses resulted increase in NUE.

Keywords: Wheat, Grain yield, Nitrogen management, Nitrogen uptake

Location: BARI, Gazipur

Start Date: 20-11-2007

End Date: 30-06-2009

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Wheat

Objectives:

Validate existing nitrogen application methods in order to optimize the dose of N fertilizer. Identify and recommend the most effective method of N application in wheat to improve the nitrogen use efficiency of wheat.

Methodology:

The field experiment was conducted at research farm of BARI, Gazipur for years of 2007-08 and 2008-09. The experimental field belongs to AEZ 28 characterized by flood free highland, fine in texture, poor in organic matter and total N content. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with three replications. Three rates of N (80, 100 and 120 kg/ha) from urea were assigned in the main plots and four methods of N splitting viz., application of all N as basal; 2/3 basal plus 1/3 as top dressing at crown root initiation (CRI) stage; ½ basal plus ½ as top dressing at CRI; and 1/3 basal with 1/3 as top dressing at CRI plus 1/3 as top dressing at 1st node stage were tested in the sub plots. A blanket dose of fertilizers at the rates of 30 kg/ha P, 40 kg/ha K and 20 kg S/ha were applied from triple super phosphate, muriate of potash, and gypsum, respectively. All fertilizers except urea were uniformly applied in the field during final land preparation whereas N fertilizer was applied as per prescribed treatments. The crop was irrigated uniformly to bring the soil moisture near to field capacity at 20, 40 and 65 days after sowing (DAS). Weeds were controlled manually by hand weeding at 10 days after first irrigation. Matured plant samples were harvested from the central areas of sub-plots to determine grain yield and biomass. Grain yield was converted to t/ha at 12% moisture content. Apparent agronomic nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) was calculated as the ratio of grain yield to the total N applied for the particular treatment. All data were statistically analyzed and tested by the least significant difference (LSD) at 5% level of significance.

Source of Information: Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 36(2): 231-240

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

1. Government

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Two years validation trial of N rate and N split applications indicated that both of the existing methods of nitrogen fertilizer splitting are effective in improving grain yield of wheat under different conditions. Under the lower level of N fertilizer (80 kg/ha), application of N as 2/3 basal and 1/3 top dressed at CRI stage gave the higher yield. On the contrary, under higher level of N (120 kg/ha), grain yield and NUE was improved through three equal split applications as basal, top dress at CRI stage and first node stage of wheat. Considering the target of achieving higher yield, N rate of 120 kg/ha might be recommended under the experimental soil condition of poor organic matter and low N content. The experimental result also suggests that nitrogen use efficiency was improved when higher dose of N (120 kg/ha) was applied in three split rather then other applications. Thus for high yield goal the recommendation of nitrogen at the rate of 120 kg/ha applied as three equal three splits are the appropriate to improve wheat production in Bangladesh.

Knowledge Management: Journal