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Development of Manually Operated Cotton Gin

M. N. Islam
Associate Professor
Department of Farm Power & Machinery, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

S. Ahmed
Scientific Officer
Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur, Bangladesh.

M. M. Kamal
RCO
Janata Bank, Chadpur-Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

A roller type cotton gin and a saw type cotton gin both manually operated were designed and constructed using locally available materials. The machines were fabricated and tested in the laboratory. It was found that the lint separating capacity of the roller type machine and that of the saw type machine were 5 kg/hr and 8 kg/hr, respectively. The less efficiency of the roller type machine was due to the lack of sufficient roughness of the leather surface on the roller. When the leather surface on the roller was replaced by a piece of serrated metal sheet, the lint separation capacity increased by 10%. of two types of cotton gins, test results confirmed that the performance of the saw gin was better.

Keywords: Cotton Gin, Performance, Low-cost

Location: Laboratory of the Department of Farm Power and Machinery, BAU, Mymensingh.

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Farm Mechanization

Commodity: Farm machineries

Objectives:

1. To design and construct a low-cost manually operated cotton ginning machine for the small farmers

2. To test and evaluate the performance of the machine

3. To modify the machine if needed on the basis of the performance.

Methodology:

Roller type cotton gin: A roller type cotton gin was designed, fabricated and developed to be operated by single person. The components of the machine were: wooden structure, two steel plates, a wooden roller, two knives, a brush and chain-sprockets arrangement for power transmission. The length, width and height of the machine were 68 cm, 22 cm and 46 cm, respectively. Out of two knives, one is fixed and another is movable. The moving knife was driven by larger sprocket of 20 cm diameter which was connected with crank shaft of diameter 2 cm. Cranking mechanism was made of mild steel rod to provide to and fro motion of the moving knife between two plates. The larger sprocket was mounted on a steel plate and was operated at 40 rpm. The brush and roller were connected by a chain through smaller sprockets of diameter 7.6 cm. Through chain-sprocket mechanism the roller and brush speed was attained at 107 rpm. The main component of the roller gin was a piece of roughened leather pasted on a wooden roller. The cotton lint clings to the rough surface of the leather and locks the cotton seed which cannot pass through the passage between the knife and the roller, as a result they are separated out from the cotton lint and dropped into a conveyor. The lint was separated from the roller leather surface by the brush rotating in the opposite direction of the roller rotation. The lint was carried to a storage box. The steel plates were placed vertically with the beams on wooden base. Four holes were made on each of the steel plates for fitting of shafts. The crank shaft and the shaft of roller and brush were fitted on bearings. The larger sprocket and the free wheels were fitted at the extended end of the crank shaft and the extended ends of the roller and brush shafts, respectively.

Saw type cotton gin: A saw type cotton gin was constructed. The components of saw type cotton gin were four circular saws, a brush, a wooden roller, a guarder with ribs, perforated box with wooden frame, a conveyor and chain sprocket arrangement for power transmission. Four circular saws each of 15. 25 cm diameter were set 2.5 cm apart from one another on a steel shaft. The saws were covered with gutter plate such that outer end of the saw came in operation. The clearance between saw and gutter side was made in such a way that only cotton lint was passed through gutter. A roller of 3.1 cm diameter was placed on the upper side of circular saw in such a way that seed or lint was not allowed to pass into the chamber without cutting. Single person was . required to operate the machine. Ribs were made of high quality mild steel sheet and were placed at 0. 32 cm apart. The guarder length was 30. 5 cm. Gutter plates were properly fastened so that sufficient amount of cotton lint could be pulled by the saw. The brushes were properly fitted to carry the lint efficiently. All mounting parts were lubricated periodically.

Source of Information: Bangladesh J. Agri. Res. 16(2): 107-112, Dec. 1991

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The fabrication procedure is very simple so that local technicians can fabricate it. The manufacturing cost per unit of the manually operated gin is about Tk 2000 (Two thousand) which will be reduced when it is commercially manufactured. These cotton gins were designed and constructed to be used by the small scale cotton growers of Bangladesh. This machine can be further improved through research and development activities by the researchers. It can be concluded that these gins would be the substitute for the traditional system and would reduce the labour requirement.

Knowledge Management: Journal