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Seed Yield and Quality of Lowland Rice (oryza Sativa L.) as Influenced by Nitrogen from Organic and Chemical Sources

Amina Khatun
Rice Farming Systems Division, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur 1701

Hasina Sultana
Rice Farming Systems Division, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur 1701

A. B. M. Jamiul Islam
Rice Farming Systems Division, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur 1701

Md. Sultan Uddin Bhuiya
Department of Agronomy, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202

Md. Abu Saleque
Coordinator for Advanced Studies & Research, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur 1701, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

A field experiment was conducted at the Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI) experimental farm during boro season of 2010-11 to determine the effect of nitrogen from organic and chemical sources on rice seed yield and quality. Six treatments- (i) N-control, ii) Optimum dose of nitrogen (164 kg N ha^-1) from urea, iii) 50% N from urea and 50% N from CD (cow dung), iv) 50% N from urea and 50% N from PM (poultry manure), v) 100% N from CD and vi) 100% N from PM were compared. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Two boro varieties - BRRI dhan28 and BRRI dhan29 were used as test crops. The urea + PM treatment gave similar seed yields to that of urea in both the varieties. The PM treatment gave similar seed yield to that of urea + PM in BRRI dhan28, but BRRI dhan29 gave significantly lower seed yield in PM than the urea + PM. Sole cowdung or poultry manure application produced significantly lower seed yield than urea + PM treatment and sole urea application. The application of N from cowdung and poultry manure had no effect on rice seed quality as compared to that obtained with urea.

Keywords: Rice, Poultry manure, Urea, Seed yield, Seed quality

Location: Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur, Bangladesh

Start Date: 00-11-2010

End Date: 00-04-2011

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Rice, Fertilizer

Objectives:

i) To find out the effect of N from organic and inorganic sources on the seed yield and seed quality of rice.

ii) To determine the seed nutrient composition of rice under varying sources of N application.

Methodology:

A field experiment was conducted during boro season (November-April) of 2010-2011 at the experimental farm of the Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur, Bangladesh (23°59' N latitude, 90º24'E longitude). The farm belongs to agro-ecological zone (AEZ) number 28 known as Madhupur Tract. The soil of the experimental field is Chhiata clay loam, a member of the fine, hyperthermic Vertic Endoaquept. The initial soil chemical properties at 0- 15 cm soil depth were: pH 6.1, organic matter 2.02%, total N content 0.07%, available phosphorus (P) 10.14 mg kg^-1 (0.5 M NaHCO₃ extracted), exchangeable potassium (K) 0.17 meq/100g soil (Neutral 1.0 N NH₄OAc extracted), available sulfur (S) 20 mg kg^-1 [Ca(H₂P04)₂ extracted], and available zinc (Zn) 2.8 mg kg^-1 (0.01N HCI extracted).The experiment involved two factors, rice variety and N sources. Two rice varieties BRRI dhan28 and BRRI dhan29 were grown under irrigated conditions during boro season of 2010- 11. BRRI dhan28 is a short duration high yielding boro variety (growth duration 145 days) and BRRI dhan29 is a long duration high yielding boro variety (growth duration 160 days). Six N treatments were: (1) N control (0 kg N ha^-1), (2) Optimum dose of nitrogen from urea (164 kg N ha^-1 ), (3) 50% N from urea and 50% N from cowdung (CD), (4) 50% N from urea and 50% N from poultry manure (PM), (5) 100% N from CD and (6) 100% N from from PM. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Rice was transplanted in first week of January with 40-day-old seedlings and harvested in May. Two/three rice seedlings were transplanted maintaining 20 x 20 cm spacing. The seed rate for rice was 30 kg ha^-1. Unit plot size was 5- x 4- m. All plots were surrounded by soil levees 30 cm high to avoid N contamination between plots. Nitrogen was top dressed as urea in three equal splits: 20, 35 and 50 days after transplanting (DAT) for BRRI dhan28 and 20, 35 and 55 DAT for BRRI dhan29. Phosphorus (P), potassium (K), sulfur (S) and zinc (Zn) were applied as triple super phosphate, muriate of potash, gypsum and zinc sulphate, respectively, during final land preparation. The cowdung (CD) and poultry manure (PM) were applied on a dry weight basis and mixed well with the soil, by manual digging, about two weeks before transplanting of rice. The CD was collected from the BRRI cattle shed and PM was collected from a nearby poultry farm. Nutrient concentrations in CD and PM were determined. The N, P, K and S concentration in CD (oven dry basis) were 0.85, 0.33, 0.52 and, 0.08% and those in PM were 2.28, 1.03, 1.20 and 0.24%, respectively. At maturity the crop was harvested manually at 15 cm above ground level. However, 16 hills from each plot were harvested at the ground level for measuring yield components and straw yield. The seed yield was recorded at 12% moisture content and straw yield as oven dry basis following standard procedures. Rice plants from 5 m² area of the middle of each plot were harvested at ground level and threshed. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) of the measured parameters was performed and the treatment means were compared using Least Significant Difference (LSD) at the 5% level of probability. The significance test of the regression analysis was done following Statcal.

Source of Information: The Agriculturists 13(1): 109-118 (2015), ISSN 2304-7321 (Online), ISSN 1729-5211 (Print)

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

1. Bangladesh Agricultural Research Council

Budget: 700000

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Cowdung and poultry manure might become alternative sources of nitrogen for rice seed production. Poultry manure in combination with urea might be an alternative option to grow quality rice seed without sacrificing yield. Nitrogen application to rice seed crop either from chemical or organic sources did not impair seed quality in terms of germination, viability and vigor. However, a slight difference in the seed nutrient contents due to nitrogen sources resulted in little variation in the seed qualities of the rice varieties. Further investigation on the effect of P and K fertilization from organic and chemical sources on rice seed quality could be made.

Knowledge Management: Journal