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Productivity of Wheat-maize-rice Cropping System Shifted from Conventional to Conservation Agricultural Practices

Dr. Md. Ataur Rahman
Principal Scientific Officer
Regional Wheat Research Centre Bangladesh Agricultural Research InstituteGazipur 1701

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

A field experiment was initiated at BARI farm starting with a wheat crop in 2009-10. The experiment was laid out in a RCBD with three replications of CA practices imposed on component crops within a wheat-maize-rice cropping system. The four treatments are: T₁ = Conventional practices; T₂ = Conservation practices; (Wheat was sown rice harvest field with standing straw using power tiller operated seeder followed by no-till maize and then puddle transplanted rice (PTR)); T₃ = Bed planting; (Wheat was sown by bed planter followed by no-till maize then PTR); T₄ = Conservation practice in Bed. The crop varieties used are BARI GOM 26, BARI hybrid Maize-7 and BINA Dhan 7. The three years result indicated that CA practices of double zero tillage with standing crop residue (T₂ and T₄) contributed to system productivity by altering the soil moisture regimes. CA contributed to stand establishment resulting higher number of spikes/m2 of wheat and the cobs/m2 of maize. CA practices either in bed or in flat (T₂and T₄) were equally effective in improving grain yield of wheat and maize for the last 3 years. Most of the soil nutrients including N, P, S and B was improved under CA.

Keywords: Conservation agriculture, Cereal system, Crop productivity, Residue management

Location: Central farm of Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur

Start Date: 01-11-2009

End Date: 30-06-2015

Program Area: Farming System

Commodity: Rice, Wheat, Maize

Objectives:

Conservation agricultural practices (CA) improves system productivity by conserving residual moisture, controlling weeds,improving N use efficiency and reducing time intervals from crop to another. Most of the CA works reported either in single cropping or double cropping system not in triple cereal system. Therefore, the experiment was under taken to evaluate the CA practices in improving the productivity of a tripple cereal system in a sequence of wheat-maize-rice cropping system.

Methodology:

The field experiment was initiated at Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur (lat 24° N, long 90°3´E, 8 m elev) starting with a wheat crop in 2009-10. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications of four packages of CA imposed on the component crops under wheat-maize-rice cropping system. The four treatments are: T₁= Conventional practices; T₂ = Conservation practices; (Wheat was sown in post rice harvest field with standing crop residue using PTOS (Power tiller operated seeder) followed by no-till maize and then puddle transplanted rice (PTR)); T₃ = Bed planting; (Wheat was sown by power tiller operated bed planter followed by no-till maize then PTR); T₄ = Conservation practice in Bed; (Same as T₃ with standing residue retention of rice and wheat). The crop varieties used are BARI GOM 26, BARI hybrid Maize-7 and BINA Dhan 7 for wheat, maize and rice respectively. The recommended rates of fertilizers for wheat (N120P30K50 S20B1), maize (N200P50K80 S40Zn5B2) rice (N80P25K50S20) were applied in all the plots. The size of each plot was 10m X 6m and there were gaps of 1m between the plots. The wheat crop was irrigated thrice (crown root initiation, booting and grain filling stages), two irrigation were applied in maize (post sowing and after germination) to ensure germination and stand establishment and rice was rain-fed. After harvest, the grains were dried and grain moisture was measured to converted grain yields to t ha^-1 at 12% moisture content for wheat and maize and 14% moisture for rice. Soil samples were collected after each cycle of cropping and analyzed following standard method to estimate organic matter (OM) and available nutrient content in soil.

Source of Information: Procedings 4th International Symposium for Farming Systems Design, 19-22 August 2013 Lanzhou, China p 145-147.

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

1. Government

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Improved and sustainable productivity of wheat-maize-rice cropping system was achieved under the conservation practice of double zero tillage with residue retention. Conservation agricultural practices either in bed or in flat are equally effective in conserning soil moisture, favouring stand establishment of wheat and maize and finally grain yield of crops. The intensive triple cereal system under CA did caused nutrient deficiency furthermore the practices contributed to increase in available nutrient content in soil. Thus the practice need to extend at farm levels.

Knowledge Management: Journal