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Research Priorities in Bangladesh: Analysis of Crop Production Trends

P. C. Golder
Member- Director(P&E)
Bangladesh Agricultural Research Council, Farmgate, Dhaka

R. K. Sastry
National Academy of Agricultural Research Management (NAARM) ICAR, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, India

K. Srinivas
National Academy of Agricultural Research Management (NAARM) ICAR, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, India

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Agriculture in Bangladesh is at a stage where there is a need for research priority setting. Given the physical, financial and human resource base, there is a need for proper allocation of these resources for higher and sustainable growth in production and productivity. On the other hand, resource allocation is needed to be distributed based on the commodity and regional importance. The study generates indices of research priorities for the crop sector of Bangladesh in terms of commodities and regions keeping in view the national developmental goals. Growth rates were calculated and compared share of different sectors, commodities were used to determine the priorities which is basically initial base of the congruence analysis method. Literature survey was carried out to understand the priorities at different point of times given the grand realities based on the secondary data. Division wise share analysis was done to determine the regional priority. The study concludes and emphasizes the need for (a) the increased allocation in agricultural research (b) strengthening of rice research activities (c) proportional allocation of research budget for pulses, oilseeds, cash crops, fruits and vegetables, (d) reduction of improper trade balance in export-import, and (e) regional importance for research resource allocation.

Keywords: Trend in crops, Research priorities, Resource allocation, Bangladesh

Location: National Academy of Agricultural Research Management (NAARM), the constituent institution of Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) located at Hyderabad, India

Start Date: 00-07-2011

End Date: 00-01-2012

Program Area: Socio-economic and Policy

Non-commodity: Trend analysis

Objectives:

1. To study on the production trend of different crops and estimate their share in Bangladesh.

2. To decide priority in cropping to facilitate decision making by the NARS research leaders.

Methodology:

The study was carried out as post-doctoral research programme at the National Academy of Agricultural Research Management (NAARM), the constituent institution of Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) located at Hyderabad, India during the period from July 2011 to January 2012. The choice of method depends on the objectives of research, level of priority assessment (national, institutional or programme) and its simplicity in application, data requirement and capacity to allow participation of stakeholders in priority assessment exercise. The selection of the model is also guided by the level of priority setting (macro or micro), availability of data, analytical skills and resources. It is reported that different international agricultural research organizations adopt different methods in setting priorities in agriculture. The commonly used methods are congruence method, checklist method, economic surplus model/benefit-cost analysis method, mathematical programming model, econometric model etc. Out of different methods, this study followed congruence method. Due to lack of data on sufficient variables like equity, sustainability, poverty etc only initial baseline (IBL) was worked out. Growth rates were calculated by following the formula, = (longest (series)- 1)* 100 in MS Excel and compared share of different sectors, commodities were used to determine the priorities which are basically initial base of the congruence analysis method. Literature survey was carried to understand the priorities at different point of times given the grand realities based on the secondary data. Division wise share analysis was done to determine the regional priority Many types of data and other information are used for the priority setting study. These include policy papers, published data on agricultural statistics (national and global) comprising growth rate of area, production and yield of different crops, land use pattern, gross domestic product, exports and imports, price of the commodities and information taken from agricultural economists.

Source of Information: SAARC J. Agri., 11(1): 53-70 (2013)

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Based on the analyses of growth rate of area, production and yield of different crops, land use pattern, gross domestic product, regional contribution to total production, exports and imports, research allocation, price of commodities etc, the following conclusions and recommendations are made: 1. Share of agriculture in GDP is 20.6% and the expenditure of agricultural research is only 0.05% of GDP which needs to be increased sharply for sustainable high growth in agriculture. 2. Bangladesh has seen the reduction in the growth rate of area under almost all crop groups i.e. cereals, cash crops, pulses, oilseeds, fruits and vegetables. But the productivity increase in these crop groups indicates an effective research and extension system. Increased investment in research systems will boost the overall vertical growth. 3. Commodity wise rice is a dominating cereal crop and staple food of Bangladesh. Its negative growth in area is a matter of concern. There is also a vast yield gap in this crop. Rice research needs to be strengthened. Accordingly, the research fund in crop sector should be diverted to rice. However, precise allocation can be made based on the human resources involved in rice research in Bangladesh. 4. The promising growth rates in the yields of oilseed and pulses, and their demand for domestic consumption, it is necessitated to allocate high research funds for these crops. 5. Fruits and vegetables are dual purpose crops which have high nutritive value and cash earnings. The high productivity of these crops need to be harnessed through effective research. 6. Cash crops and spices give economic impetus to the farmers. The allocations need to be increased to sustain the growth of these crops. 7. Necessary steps to be taken to reduce import and increase export to minimize the adverse trade balance. 8. Dhaka, Chittagong, Barisal and Rangpur divisions are to be emphasized for increasing food grain production, and all divisions for pulses, oilseeds and vegetable production. 9. Maximum net area sown is in Dhaka division followed by Rajshahi, Khulna, Chittagong, Rangpur, Barisal and Sylhet. Therefore, research and development allocation can be done on this basis. Overall, it may be concluded that the resource allocation to agricultural research needs to be increased to a considerable extent and its distribution to be made based on commodity and regional importance.

Knowledge Management: Journal