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Carbon Sequestration in Soils of Bangladesh

Dr. Md. Mizanur Rahman
Associate Professor
Dept. of Soil Science, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706, Cell: 01556346169, E-mail: mizan@bsmrau.edu.bd

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

To obtain up to date information on the dynamics of soil carbon under different cropping systems and management practices a series of experiments were conducted. The existing carbon (C) stocks in soils of Bangladesh were assessed in the first experiment collecting and analyzing 2400 soil samples from 10 AEZs. Carbon stock in low and medium low land was found higher than that of high and medium high land and was found to decrease with the increasing soil depth irrespective of land types. Among the organic materials, cowdung released less CO₂ and increased carbon content in soil. Alternate wetting and drying condition released more CO₂ than that of under continuously moist condition. The highest amount of CO₂ emission was in rice straw incorporation with traditional tillage in all of the growing seasons. Minimum tillage found to be promising in conserving C in soil. The initial rate of CO₂ emission was higher in poultry manure treatment followed by cowdung and rice straw, however, rice straw emitted more CO₂ for longer time. Among the organic materials, organic carbon sequestrated more in poultry manure treated plots followed by cowdung and rice straw.

Keywords: Soil, Carbon, Sequestration, AEZ

Location: Salna,Gazipur

Start Date: 18-04-2010

End Date: 04-12-2013

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Contamination of soil

Objectives:

i) To quantify the present status of carbon in soils in thirty agro-ecological zones of Bangladeshsw

ii) To determine the effects of different cropping systems and management practices on soil carbon stocks

iii) To evaluate the degree of carbon sequestration using integrated nutrient management

iv) To determine the degree of carbon sequestration in soils using 14C

v) To establish the relationship among cropping systems and management practices with the soil carbon stock and systems productivity.

Methodology:

A series of experiments were conducted to fulfill the project objectives. Expt. 1. Assessment of existing carbon stock in soils of 30 AEZs in Bangladesh. A total of 2400 soil samples were collected from ten AEZs considering two Upazila from each AEZ, three Mouzas from each Upazila, ten sampling spots from each Mouza and four samples from each spot considering 4 soil depths (viz. 0-5, 5-10, 10-15, 20 cm). The carbon stock in soils was calculated from the equation 1. C stock (t ha^-1) = C concentration (%) x bulk density (g cm-3) x depth (cm) ---- (1) The total C stock in ton was calculated using the equation 2. Total C stock (t) = C stock (t ha^-1) x Area (ha) --------- (2) Expt. 2: Carbon accumulation and its mineralization in soils under aerobic and anaerobic condition without crop Carbon dioxide emission was measured by a standard method (Jain et al., 2003). The study was conducted for 120 days. Carbon balance was calculated as given below. Carbon balance = Input – Output Input = Inherent soil carbon + added carbon using residues and manure Output = Carbon emission + Residual carbon in soil Organic carbon degradation rate constant, k was calculated using the following first order simple kinetic model (Stanford and Smith, 1972). Ln (C/C0) = - kt Where, C and C0 are the final and initial carbon contents, respectively; t is time either day or year. Expt. 3: Carbon accumulation and its mineralization in soils under aerobic and anaerobic condition with rice Expt. 5: Carbon Sequestration in Soils under Different Tillage and Rice Straw Management Expt. 6: Effect of Different Organic Manure and Fertilizer Management on Carbon Sequestration under Rice-Rice Cropping Pattern.

Source of Information:

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

1. Bangladesh Agricultural Research Council

Budget: 56,63,352.00

Total Budget (Tk.) : 56,63,352.00

Achievement/Findings:

The existing C stock in soils of different AEZs was found very low to low, which should be increased adapting different soil, crop management practices. Alternate wetting and drying condition was found more efficient to release carbon dioxide from soil over moist condition or continuous standing water. Carbon sequestration in soil was higher in continuously standing water system Poultry manure significantly increased soil pH compared to cowdung, and rice straw Carbon sequestration in soil was found higher under minimum tillage with rice straw incorporation. The efficiency of carbon sequestration in soils of different residues/wastes are in the order of poultry manure>cowdung>rice straw. Soil fertility increased significantly with the application of different organic residues

Knowledge Management: Report/Proceedings