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Molecular Diagnosis and Epidemiology of Peste Des Petits Ruminants (ppr) in Bangladesh

Dr. Emdadul Haque Chowdhury
Professor
Department of Pathology Bangladesh Agricultural University Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) are an acute viral disease of small ruminants caused by Morbillivirus. In Bangladesh, outbreaks of PPR have been occurring in goats since 1993 and cause severe losses to small ruminant production and considering top most threats to about 22 million small ruminant population. Mortality was higher in the young goat (<1 year) with congested and consolidated pneumonic lungs, enlarged edematous lymph nodes, brush paint hemorrhages in the heart, intestine and atrophied congested spleen were found. Results of vaccine efficacy are in progress. A 448 bp fragment of F gene of PPRV was amplified by RT-PCR from the filter paper soaked with a vaccine virus. Eighteen PPR suspected goats from different outbreaks were sampled by filter paper and 15 (83.33%) found positive. Although nasal swabs and blood used from the same animals, only nasal swab gave consistent results. Filter paper method of RT-PCR using nasal swab samples could be sensitive tools for the diagnosis of PPR in infected herd. Additionally, this project also attempted isolation of PPR virus from field samples and so far, 7 isolates stored in -8⁰C, of which 3 completed 12 passages.

Keywords: PCR, PPR vaccine, Molecular diagnosis

Location: Mymensingh

Start Date: 01-07-2009

End Date: 31-12-2013

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Goat

Objectives:

To study the descriptive epidemiology and sero-prevalence of PPR in Bangladesh.

To adopt RT-PCR for quick detection of PPR virus and study the efficacy of locally produced PPR vaccine.

Methodology:

Data were collected from the outbreaks in prescribed questionnaire for epidemiological investigation, 600 sera were collected from six different geographical locations of the country, 100 goats were vaccinated, sera were collected pre, 21st day post and 6 month post vaccination, and was analyzed by cELISA. Gross lesions were recorded at necropsy from confirmed cases and formalin fixed tissues were processed for histopathological study. Field samples (soaked with filter paper and extracted RNA) were subjected to RT-PCR for the amplification of the F gene. Mortality was higher in the young goat (<1 year). The overall morbidity and mortality was 51.35% and 13.51%, respectively

Source of Information: BAU Research proceedings, Vol.23, 2013, PP.6-7

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Field samples (soaked with filter paper and extracted RNA) were subjected to RT-PCR for the amplification of the F gene. Mortality was higher in the young goat (<1 year). The overall morbidity and mortality was 51.35% and 13.51%, respectively. It was observed that abrupt weather changes like sudden high temperature, movement of animals and introduction of newly purchased animals from the market play an important role in transmission and maintenance of the virus. Congested and consolidated pneumonic lungs, enlarged edematous lymph nodes, brush paint hemorrhages in the heart, intestine and atrophied congested spleen were found. Histologically loss of tracheal lining with infiltration of mononuclear cells in the lamina propria, severe interstitial and fibrinious pneumonia with large mono nuclear infiltration in the lung interestium and alveoli, lost of pneumocyte I and proliferation of pneumocyte II were the major findings.

Knowledge Management: Report/Proceedings