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Effect of Salinity on Yield and Yield Attributes of Three Sesame Cultivars

M.N. Huda Al Mamun
Soil Resource Development Institute, Mymensingh, Bangladesh

N.M. Jahangir
Soil Resource Development Institute, Mymensingh, Bangladesh

M. Safiqul Moula
Soil Resource Development Institute, Mymensingh, Bangladesh

M.S. Islam
Soil Resource Development Institute, Mymensingh, Bangladesh

M.M. Islam
Soil Resource Development Institute, Mymensingh, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

A pot experiment was conducted at the Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA), Mymensingh, during the period from 25 February, to 20 May, 2004 to assess the effect of different salinity levels on growth, yield attributes and yield of three sesame cultivars namely BINA Til-1, T-6 and BARI Til-3.The salinity levels along with a control (where only water was applied) of 6 dSm^-1 and 9 dSm^-1 were induced by irrigation of NaCl salt solution at 45 days after sowing. The experiment was laid out following Randomized Complete Block Design with three replication. Plant height, leaf area per plant (cm²), number of capsule per plant, number of seed per capsule, seed weight per plant, 1000 seed weight and harvest index decreased with the increasing salinity level. BINA Til-1 showed better performance in respect of morphological parameters and yield attributes. BARI Til –3 was found intermediate on the number of capsule per plant, number of seeds per plant and seed yield per plant. Among the cultivars BINA Til –3 showed greater tolerance to salinity than T-6.

Keywords: Sesame, Salinity, Yield

Location: Mymensingh

Start Date: 25-02-2004

End Date: 20-05-2004

Program Area: Variety and Species

Commodity: Sesame

Objectives:

To assess the performance of three sesame varieties (BINA Til-1, T-6 and BARI Til-3) under different salinity levels
To identify salt tolerant sesame cultivars

Methodology:

The experiment was conducted under varying levels of imposed soil salinity on three sesame cultivars at the pot yard of the Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA), Mymensingh, during the period from 25 February to 20 May 2004.The experiment was conducted in earthen pots and the soil was collected from the BINA campus. The texture of the soil was sandy loam and the soils belong to the Agro-ecological zone of Old Brahmaputra Flood Plain. The collected soil was dried under the sun and then crushed. The collected soil was mixed with cow dung (soil: cow dung = 3:1 ) and each of the earthen pots was filled with 7 kg (5.250 kg soil and 1.750 kg cow dung) mixed soil and cow dung. The diameter of each pot was16 cm at the top and 10 cm at the bottom and depth of each pot was 15 cm. Fertilizers were applied in the amount of 0.30g urea, 0.35g TSP and 0.12gMP per pot @ 125, 150, 50 kg/ha as Urea, TSP and MP, respectively. TSP, MP and half of Urea were added at the final pot preparation. Half of urea was top-dressed at 30 days after sowing (DAS). A total 81 pot (3 salinity levels X 3 cultivars X 3 replication X 3 harvests) were harvested at 60 DAS, 70DAS and 85 DAS. The experiment was laid out in the Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. There were two factors in the experiment such as 3 varieties and 3 salinity levels. Thus there were total 9 treatments. Three cultivars of sesame included as plant materials were BINA Til-1, T-6 and BARI Til-3.There were 3 salinity levels including control which were developed by adding commercial NaCl salt. The salinity level was T₀(Control), T₁(where 11.15g NaCl was added to the soil and salinity was found 6 dSm^-1) and T₂(where 16.73g NaCl was added to the soil per pot and salinity was found 9 dSm^-1). The required quantities of salts were applied in 45 days after sowing (DAS).Sesame seeds of the tested cultivars were sown in pots on 25 February 2004.Six seeds were sown in each pot but only three plants were kept in each pot and extra plants were uprooted when the plants were established. The plants were watered as and when necessary and the soil of the pots were kept well moisture to 40% field capacity to ensure proper germination of the seeds. Other cultural practices were operated when-ever required i.e. timely weeding and water supply. During data collection standard procedures were followed. Data were collected on number of seeds per plant, thousands grain weight (g), seed yield per plant (g) and harvest index at the time of maturity (85 DAS). In case of number of capsule per plant, data were collected at three harvesting period (at 60 DAS, 70 DAS and 85 DAS). All the data were statistically analyzed following the F-test and the mean comparisons were made by the using of Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at 5% and 1% level of probability (Gomez and Gomez, 1984).

Source of Information: Bangladesh J. Seed Sci. Technol. 13(1&2): 65–68 (2009);ISSN 1029-8800

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

From the results it is evident that the different varieties had different degrees of salinity tolerance for yield and yield attributes of sesame. Results also indicated that the highest grain yield (8.619 g/ plant) was observed in BINA Til-1 at control condition and the lowest was observed in T-6 (1.33 g/plant) at 9 dSm^-1 level of salinity. However, among the cultivars BINA Til-1 and BARI Til-3 showed their some tolerance to salinity stress. But T-6 was found more susceptible to salinity. Thus the conclusion may be drawn that increasing salinity levels decreased yield and yield attributes of sesame and BINA Til-1 and BARI Til-3 were found tolerant to salinity up to 6 dSm^-1

Knowledge Management: Journal