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Studies on the Impact of Shrimp Farming on Mangrove and Estuarine Environment of Bangladesh

Md. Latiful Islam
Scientific Officer
Brackishwater station, Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute, Paikgacha, Khulna 9280

Md. Latiful Islam
Scientific Officer
Brackishwater station, Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute, Paikgacha, Khulna 9280

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The results of the present study revealed the most of the water quality parameters between inlet and outlet were similar, but transparency, turbidity, total suspended solid, phytoplankton concentration, zooplankton concentration and primary productivity were significantly (p<0.05) different within inlet and outlet. Chemical oxygen demand was more or less similar between these two points indicating less or no chance of coastal eutrophication from shrimp farm effluent. Nutrient balance due to water exchange showed that about 44.15 kg N/ha/culture cycle and 27.25 kg P/ha/culture cycle were being deposited into the bottom sediment. Most of the soil parameters between mangrove and shrimp farms were similar, except Ca, Mg, K and sulphur. Nitrogen phosphorus and organic matter contents were low in the soil sample indicating poor soil status and scope of improvement through proper fertilization. In the present study, about 27 species of finfish, 6 species of shrimps and 3 species of crabs were identified from the study area. Nine genera of Phytoplankton, 8 genera of zooplankton were also identified.

Keywords: Mangrove, Shrimp, Water quality

Location: Brackishwater station, Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute, Paikgacha, Khulna 9280

Start Date: 01-04-1999

End Date: 30-06-2002

Program Area: Resource Development and Management

Commodity: Shrimp

Objectives:

•To study the environmental degradation of mangrove ecology (in term of mangrove destruction, soil erosion, water quality etc.) of the Sundarbans and Cox’s Bazar coast caused by shrimp farming. •To assess the environmental effects on major penaeid shrimp nursery ground in the Sundarbans and Cox’s Bazar area. •To enlist available fish and shrimp fauna in the project area. •To identify the specific cause and extent of erosion of biodiversity of the mangrove in southwest and southeast regions of the country.

Methodology:

To study the water quality, nutrient balance and soil profile of the ghers, three ghers were selected from three locations: Gher- 1 in the Paikgacha upazila, Gher- 2 in the Dacop upazila, Gher- 3 in the Koira upazila, Khulna. In addition, one mangrove habitat was also selected at the Sundarbans, near the Hudda forest station, compare the soil profile. From the inlet point of each ghers, water quality viz. water temperature (^oC), water exchange (cm), transparency (cm), turbidity (FTU), TSS (g/l), pH, TDS (g/l), salinity (ppt), dissolved oxygen (mg/l), chemical oxygen demand (mg/l), alkalinity (mg/l), hardness (mg/l), ammonia (mg/l), nitrate (mg/l), nitrite (mg/l), phosphate (mg/l), conductivity (ms/µs), phytoplankton concentration (cells/l), zooplankton concentration (unit/l) and primary productivity (gC/m³/hr.) were monitored on a monthly basis. Nutrient balance was estimated from the nutrient concentration in the inlet water and nutrient concentration in the outlet water, corresponding water exchange and gher area. Soil samples from three ghers and mangrove points were collected in the month of April, July, September and December. At the same time water quality parameters viz. water temperature (0C), water current (m/sec.), transparency (cm), turbidity (FTU), TSS (g/l), TDS (g/l), salinity (ppt), nitrate (mg/l), phosphate (mg/l) of the river points were monitored monthly basis. To observe the catch composition of the set bag net, one river point was selected in Goroikhali, at the conjunction point of the river Sibsha and the river Kapatashka.

Source of Information: Project Completion Report 1999-2002. BFRI, Mymensingh.

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

1. Government

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Government should develop a regulation considering the time of shrimp farming and rice production to avoid conflict between shrimp farmers and landowners. Every gher owner should develop a well-managed water exchange system to minimize the silt intake during the water exchange and to minimize the soil salinity in time. Considering the low productivity of the ghers having less to no chance of coastal eutrophication, it should be fertilized properly to increase the soil and water productivity and the production of biomass as a whole. The ghers should be splited into smaller size and renovated regularly to increase the water depth in an optimum level. Set bag net operation should be prohibited during the breeding season in the coastal areas. Mesh size should also be selected for the specific gear and species. Shrimp farming within the mangrove area should be inhibited and the ghers constructed within the reserved area need to be banned immediately.

Knowledge Management: Report/Proceedings